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・ Operation Guardian Tiger IV
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Operation Ha-Har
・ Operation Habitat
・ Operation Haifisch
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・ Operation Hajji Baba
・ Operation Halberd
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・ Operation Halo
・ Operation Halyard
・ Operation Hametz
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・ Operation Hammer (1987)
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・ Operation Hammer (Afghanistan)
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Operation Ha-Har : ウィキペディア英語版
Operation Ha-Har
Operation ''Ha-Har'' ((ヘブライ語:ההר), ''The Mountain''), or Operation ''El Ha-Har'', was an Israeli Defence Forces campaign against villages southwest of Jerusalem launched at the end of October 1948.
The Operation lasted from 18 to 24 October and was carried out by troops from the Harel and Etzioni Brigades. The villages were defended by units from the Egyptian army. By the end of the campaign over a dozen villages had been captured.〔Khalidi, Walid (Ed.) (1992) ''All That Remains. The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948.'' IoPS, Washington. ISBN 0-88728-224-5. p.266.〕〔Morris, Benny (1987) ''The birth of the Palestinian refugee problem, 1947-1949.'' Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-33028-9. p.220.〕 It coincided with Operation Yoav which attacked Egyptian positions further south.
==Background==
The objectives of the military campaign known as Operation ''El Ha-Har'' have been described by the former commander of the Har’el Brigade, Joseph ("Yosefle") Tabenkin, as follows: “The military campaign, which later became known as 'Operation ''El Ha-Har'' ', was intended originally to make the road accessible. In the first stage, (required ) the occupation of the south bank of Nahal Sorek, clearing the way for the capture of Bayt Jala (Bethlehem), and from there, on one-side southward, the liberation of Gush Etzion, and the conquest of the entire mountain, while northward, the occupation of Arab Jerusalem on its south side.”〔Heally Gross, ''Adullam: `veshavu banim ligevulam`'', Jerusalem 2014, p. 18 (Hebrew)〕

In mid-October 1948, the Har’el Brigade published a combat ordinance, which read: "The enemy is planning to cut-off the well-springs of immigration and () settlement, to build a nest of war conspiracies against us and against all those who love peace in the world, to cut-off from Israel the Negev; to inflict harm to the capital, the center of yearnings of the generations of Israel; to subjugate the Hebrew element of Jerusalem; to dismantle Jewish industry; to block-off the sea; to deny the independence of Haifa and its port. These schemes will be eradicated on the battlefield."〔''Har’el: Palmach brigade in Jerusalem'', Zvi Dror (ed. Nathan Shoḥam), Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishers: Benei Barak 2005, p. 267 (Hebrew)〕 Up until that time, the Brigade had been active in capturing infiltrators who sought to carry-out attacks against Jews and their property, as also in securing the public transportation to Jerusalem.〔
The Regimental Operations Department initiated patrols south of the Jerusalem Corridor. They assumed that when fighting resumed, the task of the Brigade would be to expand the corridor southward. Thus, before ''Operation: El HaHar'' (Unto the Mountaintop) was approved, "Raanana" (Eliyahu Sela), the Officer in charge of Regimental Operations, had informed the Fourth and the Fifth battalions about the plan to take military action in the area of Beit Jimal and Dayr al-Hawa, and gave orders unto them to carry out reconnaissance missions with a view of watching enemy movement in that territory and to prepare an operational plan for the conquering of those villages if and when the fighting should be renewed.〔
In a written dispatch, "Raanana" had informed Palmach-Harel headquarters responsible for the central front: "In all these last few days, the enemy has not ceased from his own operations in this sector (the country ). There has been an exchange of unrelenting gun-fire. The strategic location itself is not easy to hold-on to, since it is much lower than the other positions. Our suggestion would be, 1) consolidating and expanding the position by occupying other positions, with additional operations conducted by small raiding parties; the addition of 120 mm. mortar for this area; 2) In the event that operations should be halted, a call to the United-Nations for a cease-fire."〔 "Raanana" waited impatiently for a prompt answer, but his request to "occupy other positions" was denied him. Nevertheless, in spite of being denied, these positions were still taken by force when operations began, the Har’el Brigade continuously moving and extending the border of Jewish hegemony as far as ''Wādi Surar'' (Nahal Sorek), where it was also deemed necessary to establish a military outpost beyond its south bank.〔

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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